Tuesday, August 25, 2020

Running Record free essay sample

The youngsters NM is liable for start to show up to the play date. Counting the own youngsters. Play encounters including various zones of learning, are set up for all to take an interest. Kids additionally have the chance to recommend exercises. After bite time, all kids sat on the lounge chair to sing nursery melodies. VM mentioned to sing, â€Å"Five little Ducks† tune that happens to be one of the child’s top picks .The youngsters sing the melody so serenely with NM. What number of ducks were there VM? NM asked the kid and said that there were five ducks. VM utilized his fingers to check from one to five and afterward stated, â€Å"Ducks go quack quack†. NM asked the youngster, â€Å"What shading are ducks? † The youngster stated, â€Å"Ducks are yellow†. After the short inquiry time, all the youngsters mentioned to sing the tune by and by. NM saw that the youngster had the option to check from one to five all the more unhesitatingly then previously. We will compose a custom exposition test on Running Record or then again any comparable theme explicitly for you Don't WasteYour Time Recruit WRITER Just 13.90/page The kids have been told that it is currently time free play. Three-year-old VM checks out the space for some time and strolls over to the home corner. Today this play territory is outfitted with tea set, squares and delicate toys. VM then strolls to the bath, brings out five shaded ducks from the bath toys and puts the ducks around the play tangle in the home corner. As the kid situates the ducks on the play tangle, VM talks to himself faintly â€Å"You are Mummy Duck†, (picked the biggest duck).VM then continues to give each dodge a spot in the family. The kid gets the littler ducks and stated, â€Å"You are the Baby Ducks†. NM asked, â€Å"How numerous ducks do you need in the event that it resembles the tune? † . VM starts to tally the ducks that he had set on the tangle and answered, â€Å"All together there are five ducks Mum†. NM asked, â€Å"Where do ducks go together and how far do they swim? † VM answered, â€Å"One day ducks swam up and over the slopes and exceptionally far away†.

Saturday, August 22, 2020

Porters National Competitive Advantage Diamond

Watchmen National Competitive Advantage Diamond Fraser Neave holding Bhd. was consolidated at year 1883 when authors John Fraser and David Chalmers Neave shaped an organization named Singapore Straits Aerated Water Company in Singapore. Hardly any years after the fact, FN was combined and enter the food refreshment industry. FN has its own vision to turn into the main complete drink organization in Malaysia and the locale and their central goal is to be a world-class global venture giving better returns than their investors, great incentive for their clients and a compensating profession for their representatives. FN Company is one of the Malaysia notable refreshment organization which the celebrated item is the isotonic beverages 100plus propelled at year 1984. FN produce wide scope of refreshment that can be named soda pops, dairies, non-carbonated drinks just as isolated business property. They were propelling the improved consolidated filled milk in year 1973, and the procurement of Nestlã ©s canned milk business in Thailand and Malaysia in year 2007. Other than that FN great canned milk was additionally increase astounding notoriety in Malaysia. This item is to a great extent use as refreshment blenders in espresso, tea and chocolate beverages and now canned milk has effectively to trade this item to in excess of 20 nations around the globe. Furthermore, the halal accreditation offers solid consolation to Muslim clients in the developing Halal markets in the Middle East and Africa. FN Company was granted The Readers Digest Trusted Brand from year 2005 to 2008, Media Magazine Top 1000 Asian Brands 2007, etc. It demonstrates that their client was sure when utilizing their items since they are worry about their wellbeing and security quality. FN Company was constantly improve their quality and brands to difficulties the commercial center and to turn into the pioneer. FN Company is likewise notable organization that thinking about the social condition and workplace. They actualized and executed different natural stewardship and propelled various reusing efforts in schools to instill great ecological propensities among youngsters and in this manner, make mindfulness on the significance of reusing. FN Company additionally set-up a RM1.2 million assets named Chairmans Award to elevate instructive greatness and to perceive high-achievers among offspring of FN Groups representatives. FN Company has accomplished a security record of zero mishap (no misfortune time mishap) aggregated from 1 February 2007 to 21 September 2009 with an all out 962 days or 2.3 million working hours. As far as its natural consistence occurrence and accomplished zero ecological consistence status. Vermin Crucial: be a world-class global venture giving better returns than our investors, amazing an incentive for our clients and a compensating vocation for our workers. Vision: To turn into the main absolute refreshment organization in Malaysia and the area. Each organization has their crucial vision proclamation filled in as by and large motivation behind business. The strategic vision proclamation above are set by FN. There are outer natural issues have or will influence FN to accomplish their main goal. These outside ecological issues are being ordered by PEST(EL) model. PEST(EL) model is to examine the outside condition issues of organization. It ordered condition issues into political, financial, social, innovative, biological and legitimate impacts. Monetary Improving development prospect of Malaysia, Thailand and the locale carries more pay to FN as is signals economy are in acceptable condition and people groups are happy to spend consequently will build deals in that specific district. The development possibilities remember ascending of Malaysia GDP for year 2010 that is roughly 10% contrast with 4.5% in 2009 that ascent from some central point of assembling industry creation with a twofold digit development of 16.9% in year 2010. ASEAN nations are developing snappy in their economy therefore placing FN a positive factor in developing of benefits. FN has developed positive shopper opinion to their item. For instance 100PLUS, isotonic beverage that is specific for athletes to hold the digestion. It is an idea very much manufactured that it is casted a ballot number 1 isotonic beverages in Malaysia since its presentation in 1983. That very much manufactured positive estimation brings others beverages of FN to be well attractive. It is t he customer estimation to the items upgraded the gainfulness factor of FN towards other contender in this manner is at a preferred position in the market. Political Government had put activity to support going through of buyer with new financial model (NEM), with this model being seek after, Malaysia monetary lift as shopper buying power increments and are encouraged to spend. FN will get advantage by give products to be offered to the market consequently boosting deals. FN items are for the most part Halal henceforth are entitled for Halal Hub Tax Incentive. The impetus offered had diminished FN some level of duty obligation to the legislature. It made FN increasingly gainful contrast with those organizations which doesn't equipped for the motivator. Government has reclaimed some motivating force in year 2009, the withdrawal of appropriation of fuel and sugar has put an effect on FN as the majority of the FN center organizations required enormous measure of sugar which is dairies and soda business. The withdrawal of sugar sponsorship bring down the general benefit of the FN in spite of the fact that there is an enormous improve a deals yet the benefit doesnt show a lot of progress as the sugar cost increments. Withdrawals of fuel did likewise affect on FN as the expense of their inward and outer appropriation cost builds consequently diminishes benefit. Innovative In the start of 2011, FN presented new item, Ice Mountain and it has quicker offer increase among bottler waters player which built up 5% piece of the pie in Malaysia. FN propelled new drink Zesta across Malaysia in October 2011.Zesta has amazingly incredible tasting berry soft drink enhanced pop. It substance the Guarana tropical berries that begin from Amazon, South America. Moreover, Guarana tropical berries strengthen the body and psyche. Zesta is an expansion of our effectively huge exhibit of FN drinks, a refreshment that was started to supplement our current scope of FN brands, making a change vehicle for our developing band of shoppers, said Dato Ng Jui Sia, CEO of Fraser Neave Holdings Bhd. FN accepts that Zesta is the representation of developing patterns for refreshment improved pop. (Zesta 2011) Ecological Sichuan Earthquake of May 2008 has caused the crude material cost increment and companys benefit is influenced. Catastrophic event is past desire and control of the organization. Benefit before intrigue and assessment in 2008 became just 5%. This natural factor has influenced organization to accomplish their main goal. Cataclysmic event would fill in as deterrent that FN give better returns than investors. Doormen 5 powers Today, Fraser Neave Holdings Bhd (FN) has expanded business at in excess of 20 nations worldwide and built up itself as a provincial player. So that, FN need use Porters five powers model to investigation and understanding the idea of the serious condition. FN has a ton of advantages from utilizing Porters five powers model. They can guarantee that administration thinks about a wide scope of potential effects when formulating technique. They permit the division of the work in natural examination and settle on choice in time. Not just that, Porters five power likewise creating viable procedures to raise FN productivity, power, and serious situation in an industry. Doormen five powers is separated into danger of section, force of serious contention, danger of substitute item, bartering intensity of purchaser and haggling intensity of providers. Danger of section Danger of section is new contestants into market will bring additional limit and strengthen rivalry. The quality of the danger from new contestants will rely on the quality of the boundaries to section and the imaginable reaction of existing rivalry to another participant. FN produce two new soda pop FN Clearly Citrus and Zesta were propelled in soda pop market at year 2011. Zesta and FN Clearly Citrus are getting client assistance and the new delivers likewise have a more appeal from the purchaser. Zesta deals would make other contender have entered the soft drink showcase, it will make a danger for the FN influence the market deals. In this manner, FN ought to protectively contender who are entered the soft drink market to making boundaries that new contestants to the market discover hard to survive. This can guarantee the Zesta deals would not influence and guarantee the boost investors riches. FN ready to involve in the Malaysia soft drink showcase a significant job. FN have 90% item are utilizing sugar to create, with the goal that sugars expenses involve a greater amount of the material expense. Early government circulation sugar endowment to sugar provider that FN can utilize a lower cost to buys sugar. This can spare a great deal of superfluous costs, so FN can utilize a lower cost to sell them soda pop and dairy item. Government expels all sugar sponsorships since year 2011 as of not long ago. The genuine increment in sugar costs had a significant effect, along with the worldwide product cost increment, and prompted an inescapable 25 percent cost increment of Sweetened Condensed Milk. This difference in government spending makes FN confronting an incredible emergency and haggling intensity of provider. Bartering intensity of provider Bartering intensity of providers definition with the more grounded intensity of providers in an industry the more troublesome it is for firms inside that segment to make a benefit. It is on the grounds that providers can decide the terms and conditions on which business is directed. At the point when government expels the sugar endowments, FN need to research and assessment ebb and flow sugar provider what value they giving and examination the swelling whether FN can acknowledged. FN ought to accomplish more research to discover another sugar provider who can give lower cost to them. FN likewise confronting sugar quality are not same contrast and current provider w

Sunday, July 26, 2020

SIPA News Science and Technology COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY - SIPA Admissions Blog

SIPA News Science and Technology COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY - SIPA Admissions Blog The latest issue of SIPA News is now available.   The magazine is published twice per year and features articles written by students and faculty at SIPA.   The topic for this issue is science and technology and the following are just a few of the articles: Video Advocacy for Human Rights How the 21st Century Became Green This Domain Has Been Disabled: U.S. Online Service Providers and Their Role in Intermediary Censorship Blogging in Burma:   Cyber-Dissidents Fight for Freedom Against the Odds The Original Medical Tourism Destination: Keeping Patients Coming as Health Care Goes Global Video Sharing from the Grave: A Tale of Murder, Intrigue and Micro blogging in Guatemala Science at SIPA: The Course Work of the Future The full magazine is available for veiwing as a PDF by clicking here.   All previous issues of SIPA News can also be viewed on line by clicking here. For details on the following picture, see page 5 of the PDF.

Friday, May 22, 2020

Relationship Between Vivian And Molly - 1125 Words

In any genuine friendship there are the differences between the people that spark curiosity, yet, it is similarities that draw two together to form a tight bond. This is evident in the friendship that starts between Vivian and Molly. Vivian, from outward show, does not display the slightest similarity with Molly. It is not until one examines the often tragic back stories of both that striking parallels begin to be made clear. By the time all is uncovered, the likenesses shared between Vivian and Molly far outweigh any disparities. In examining the relationship between Vivian and Molly, a perfect balance is struck in Orphan Train by Christina Baker Kline. In Orphan Train, Christina Baker Kline weaves a strong friendship between two characters, Vivian and Molly, despite a lengthy list of differences. The most blatant contrast, and the root cause of many other differences, is age and the separate eras both Vivian and Molly grow up in. In the span of her life, Vivian Nielsen, a ninety-one year old widow, experiences the Great Depression, World War II, and a technology boom impossible to keep up with. On the other hand, Molly Ayer is a sixteen year old tech-savvy foster child who uses â€Å"her Goth persona like armor† against an unsympathetic society (Kline 4). Another dissimilarity is ethnicity. Vivian is a first generation Irish immigrant and in being a Penobscot Native American Indian, Molly is unable to be more different than Vivian. While these differences seem apparent, the

Friday, May 8, 2020

Racism And Racial Profiling And Prejudice - 1827 Words

The words â€Å"Boong†, â€Å"Abo† or â€Å"Coon† are what people called me a million times a day, every day in my entire 15 years of life. It doesn’t matter where I am; who I’m with; what I do, people will still call me with those words instead of my name. I do not say that I am ashamed of my culture or who I am but I just get tired of how society, giving and calling me by the labels, the labels built from their own stereotypes and racial discriminations. And here’s how my life has been filled with racism and discriminations. As every other day, I woke up with the worries of how my day going to be. Full fills with discriminations and stereotypes? Or being the victims of every other kid’s racist jokes? There are thousands of negative thoughts popping†¦show more content†¦My hair? My face? I couldn’t think of any reasonable reasons. â€Å"Oi, Abo why are you still roaming here? Get back to your jungle.† A penetrating voice spoke up, no need to look for who it is, I still can manage to figure out that voice. It is Brett’s voice, the voice that always started my day with all of the prejudiced comments. He also was the first one that started the jokes on me and yes it flowing along well to other kids. I never hated someone voice as much as I do with this brat, Brett. I ignored his sentence and keep on with my silent because I know once I reply back, they will start to laugh at my voice and will keep go on with all the negative comments that they thought it is funny. So sile nt is the best way that I chose to responses to them. They were about to says something but the bus has come. Everyone was entering the bus and as usual I was the last one to enter. I went straight to the back seat as it where I belong. It took roughly another ten minutes to arrive at school, I patiently stare out the windows waiting for the miracle to happens, helps to lead me find a way out of this racist society. After a few thoughts, I finally I arrive to school. Everyone may believe school is the one of the safest place that you can realises on beside home but it totally opposite for me. It just not where I feels unwelcomed but also where I received the traumatised bullying and comments. Not many teachers know about my story because they have never witness the bulliesShow MoreRelatedRacism And Prejudice : Racial Profiling1078 Words   |  5 PagesRacism and Prejudice Inflicted black communities since segregation and is still continues in today’s 21st century. The past a nd present assure us that history once again repeat itself with no difference. Americans has become divided to an expectation of what an American is. It seems that there has not been any solution to racial profiling. Unconsciously criminal’s assumptions are being beaten, violated, and murder over the decades. According to Thandisiwe Chimurenga, NO DOUBT THE MURDER OF OSCARRead MoreRacial Profiling : The United States Essay1326 Words   |  6 PagesRacial Profiling The United States of America, a country founded on diversity, remains ingrained with hypocritical ideas with respect to its very foundations of freedom and independence. America shows no mercy in the prejudice actions towards its minorities. The United States of America contributes greatly towards the injustice of minorities and giving privilege towards its â€Å"native† people yet not all â€Å"natives† are greatly loved in the country as Neil Foley, author of Becoming Hispanic: MexicanRead MoreRacism : A Deeply Ingrained Problem1114 Words   |  5 PagesRacism is a deeply ingrained problem in our social systems. Even though we publicly denounce racism, it still continues to be an issue in our everyday lives. We choose to be ignorant of racism s influence until we see people affected by it on the news or in person. Even then, rarely do we choose to act upon what we see. The United States may have come a long way to completing Martin Luther King Jr s dream, but o ur biases are still a prominent issue today. In this country every race and everyRead MoreHow Racism Became A Problem Today1123 Words   |  5 PagesJae Xiong How Racism Became a Problem Today Racism is a deeply ingrained problem in our social systems. Even though we publicly denounce racism, it still continues to be an issue in our everyday lives. We choose to be ignorant of racism s influence until we see people affected by it on the news or in person. Even then, rarely do we choose to act upon what we see. The United States may have come a long way to completing Martin Luther King Jr s dream, but our biases are still a prominent issueRead MoreShould Racial Slurs Be Banned From Society?847 Words   |  4 PagesShould Racial Slurs be Banned from Society? Racial slurs have grown within American history as our society has developed into one of the greatest superpowers of the world. As a nation, America has fought several internal and external wars to advance into a free country and attain the rights it now holds. These rights, or moral principles, were established to protect the residents inhabiting each state. Countless rules of regulation against racism have been enforced by Congress beginning from theRead MoreThe Minorities Vs. Entertainment War Essay882 Words   |  4 Pagesis a battle between ethnicities and the entertainment companies that is transparent to the naked eye in the 21st century, the argument I plan to use is: the media and film industries are required to portray each minority fairly without racially profiling any ethnicity but does not stay accountable to their word and actions. Throughout the generation, entertainment has been an activity which provides diversion and permits people to amuse themselves in their leis ure time, provide fun, enjoyment, andRead MoreThe Minorities Vs. Entertainment War868 Words   |  4 Pagesis a battle between ethnicities and the entertainment companies that is transparent to the naked eye in the 21st century, the argument I plan to use is: the media and film industries are required to portray each minority fairly without racially profiling any ethnicity but turns a blind side to the current situation. Throughout the generation, entertainment has been an activity which provides diversion and permits people to amuse themselves in their leisure time, provide fun, enjoyment, and laughterRead MoreRace And Ethnicity : Race866 Words   |  4 Pages such as the religious, scientific, or social aspects of it. Racism has existed throughout human history. It is defined as the belief that a particular race possesses characteristics that are specific to that race, and that a certain race is superior or inferior to another. An example of racism is racial profiling, which has been significant issue that plagues our society, especially during the wake of recent events. Racial profiling involves law enforcement officials targeting certain individualsRead MoreSociological Theories Of Prejudice And Racism1645 Words   |  7 PagesSociological Theories of Prejudice and Racism Functionalist theory argues for race and ethnic relations to be functional and thus supply to the melodic conduct and strength of society, racial and ethnic minorities must assimilate into that society. Assimilation is a process by which a minority becomes socially, economically, and culturally absorbed within the dominant society. The assimilation perspective assumes that to become fully fledged members of society, alternative groups must adopt as muchRead MoreRacial Discrimination Against Minorities Within The American Workforce Essay1677 Words   |  7 PagesRacial discrimination against minorities within the American workforce is evident. Structural racism is the cause of why qualified minorities lacking opportunities, while lesser-qualified White-Americans are hired. This paper will discuss what structural racism is, how it plays into racial discrimination against qualifieded minorities, what can be done to prevent further racial profiling, and briefly touch on the adverse effe cts racial prejudice has on the economy. Keywords: structural racism, qualified

Wednesday, May 6, 2020

Syllabus for African Dance Free Essays

Syllabus for African Dance MPADE-UE 1542. 002 Spring 2013 Contact hours: Wednesday, 1:30-3:30pm, studio 304 Education building Department of Music and Performing Arts Professions, Program in Dance Education New York University Instructor: Alfdaniels Mabingo Phone: 917-679-8119 E-mail: alfmab@gmail. com Consultation: By appointment —————————————– A survey course in East African dance with accompanying songs, music, and cultural contexts in which these dances originate. We will write a custom essay sample on Syllabus for African Dance or any similar topic only for you Order Now The course specifically offers knowledge and performance skills of traditional dance forms East Africa and methods for teaching these dances. It offers critical analysis of how these dances interact with cultural, social, occupational, and religious aspects that contribute to creating them. Besides critical understanding and performance of these dances, the course equips students with skills to perform the music that accompanies them. Learning outcomes 1. Students will demonstrate proficiency in performing ethnic dances from selected cultures in East Africa. 2. Students will learn and perform vocal and instrumental music that accompanies ethnic dances from cultures in Uganda. 3. Students will demonstrate techniques and methods of teaching ethnic dances from Ugandan cultures. 4. Students will acquire fundamental knowledge into critical analysis of how dances in East Africa interact with cultural aspects that participate in creating them. 5. Students will learn various techniques that are related to performance of various ethnic dances from cultures in Uganda. Students are expected to: a. Finish and present the assignments within the stipulated time. b. Actively participate in practical sessions and class discussion. Focus of selected readings and visual recordings ) Understanding the author’s message and use it as a point of departure for supplementary inquiries b) Establishing connections between the readings and visual recordings and the student’s class/practical experience c) Inspire students to learn the various dances Other important readings Adinku, W. O. (1995). African Dance Education in Ghana, Ghana, Accra: Universities Press. Aduonum, M. (2011). West African Dance in the United States University Curriculum, LAP Lambert Academic Publishing Nannyonga-Tamusuza, S. (2005. Baakisimba: Gender in Music and Dance of the Baganda People of Uganda. London and New York: Routledge. Tieron, A. (1992). Doople: Eternal Law of African Dance – Choreography Dance Studies, New York: Routledge * * Welsh, A. K. (1996). African Dance: An Artistic, Historical and Philosophical Inquiry, Trenton, NJ: Africa World Press. Welsh, A. K. (2003). Umfundalai: An African Dance Technique, Trenton, NJ: Africa World Press Policies: * Assignment Formats: All assignments must be typewritten with at least a normal 12 pt font and double-spaced. Use a header and page numbers. Please hand in hard copies of assignments without folders. Do not email them; Emailed copies will not be accepted. * Attendance: You are expected to attend every session of the course. One excused absence is permitted with a doctor’s note or other acceptable evidence. If you are going to be absent please send an email to the instructor. Additional absences will decrease the cumulative grade by one letter grade increment. An unexcused absence will decrease the cumulative grade by one letter grade increment. Please make arrangements with a peer to collect course materials for you and contact the peer after the session for updates on the session activities and assignments. Late arrivals/Early departures: Being on time and staying throughout the duration of the course is to be expected. Three late arrivals, three early departures, or any three combinations of late arrivals and/or early departures to/from class will equate to an absence. A late arrival or early departure of more than 15 minutes will be counted as an absence. * Late Assignm ents: Late assignments are reduced in letter grade increment. Assignments may be handed in up to one week late. Late assignments may not receive significant feedback. Any assignments that are not complete at this time (one week late) will not receive a grade and will negatively affect your cumulative course grade. * Assignments Class attendance and participation20% Midterm paper25% Midterm performance25% Final performance30% Note: See the rubric for details about the requirements for each area of assignment * Grading: Letter Grade| Number Grade| Legend| A| 94-100| Exceptional| A-| 90-93| Excellent| B+| 87-89| Extremely Good| B| 84-86| Very Good| B-| 80-83| Good| C+| 77-79| Satisfactory| C| 74-76| Satisfactory| C-| 70-73| Nearing Satisfactory| D+| 67-69| Minimum Passing Grade| D| 65-66| Minimum Passing Grade| F| 0-64| Failure| * Incomplete Grading: Incomplete grades are not a grading option. Under exceptional circumstances, such as those with a serious illness or other emergency, and at the discretion of the course instructor, an incomplete grade may be granted, based on the student’s performance throughout the course of the semester. * E-mail Communication with Instructor(s): Please keep your e-mails as succinct as possible. If you predict you will need to write more than one paragraph, it is an indication that you probably need to schedule a meeting rather than writing an e-mail. Special Accommodations: Any student attending NYU who needs an accommodation due to a chronic, psychological, visual, mobility and/or learning disability, or is Deaf or Hard of Hearing should register with the Moses Center for Students with Disabilities located at 726 Broadway, phone: 212. 998. 4980, or website address: www. nyu. edu/csd. * Please refrain from all cell ph one use during class. * Please clean up after any food or drink. * Dress appropriately for the classes * Academic Integrity: Please be familiar with NYU Steinhardt policies: http://steinhardt. nyu. edu/policies/academic_integrity. How to cite Syllabus for African Dance, Papers

Tuesday, April 28, 2020

Sister Essay free essay sample

How does one truly realize how much someone has impacted their lives, when the majority of the things you get from them transfer themselves subconsciously? I will never know the true extent of how my sisters have influenced me, over the course of my life, because all the growing and maturing they have helped me do has become my first nature. But, there are more than a few things I can look at and immediately see their hand in, especially my oldest sister, Rachel.While my sister Hannah has always been closer to me than anyone else could hope to be, Rachel has a profound way of understanding me, and communicating with me on a more intensive level. Over the past year, my sister Rachel and I have been spending much more time together, building our hierarchal relationship, based on her 20 year experience that overpowers my 16 year one. I will never cease to be amazed how much a short four years has given her, that I dont have yet, and I will never cease to be excited that so much experience can be instilled In me. We will write a custom essay sample on Sister Essay or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page My family shares a deep love for one another, that we would give our lives for each other in a heartbeat, but with Rachel that love is a present fact, that we both feel the reality of, dally. It will always precede any quarrels or shortcomings we have. Rachel Is a nanny. She hasnt gone to college for more than a year, and maintains that she left high school with a botched education. Unfortunately, I know that her view on her academic potential Is what Is truly disfigured. But, despite that, she has an Insatiable hunger for knowledge.She aught herself some basics of the German language, when she listened to a German band that she loved. Shes taught herself to professionally style and color hair, and she manages the life of the family that she works for. She Is more than capable In a plethora of ways. She Is also one of the most effusive people I know, something of a hot-head. Its something I love her for, something that drives me Insane. Her more combustible mannerisms are things she would never let me be guilty of, and It Is a double standard that, though It Is sometimes Irksome and unfair, I am grateful for.The fact that my sisters never let me return the attitudes and erratic behavior that they had displayed has given me what I feel Is an unparalleled tolerance to being treated less than fairly, and an ability to contain myself In emotionally trying circumstances. I know that the true depth of my sisters Impacts on me go unnoticed, but I can feel the strong foundation I have built for myself as a maturing human being that I have built with them as pillars of security. They will never know how much I rely on them, emotionally and mentally, to keep me sane, and I can only hope he reciprocal Is true.But, looking back, and looking forward, there can be no one that has had a greater Influence on my life than my family, and more specifically, the consciousn ess of two women with the same genetic fabric as my own, my beautiful sisters. Sister Essay By hurt much experience can be instilled in me. My family shares a deep love for one that love is a present fact, that we both feel the reality of, daily. It will always precede any quarrels or shortcomings we have. Rachel is a nanny. She hasnt gone to college education.Unfortunately, I know that her view on her academic potential is what is truly disfigured. But, despite that, she has an insatiable hunger for knowledge. She she manages the life of the family that she works for. She is more than capable in a plethora of ways. She is also one of the most effusive people I know, something of a hot-head. Its something I love her for, something that drives me insane. Her more combustible mannerisms are things she would never let me be guilty of, and it is a double standard that, though it is sometimes irksome and unfair, I am grateful for. Eye had displayed has given me what I feel is an unparalleled tolerance to being treated less than fairly, and an ability to contain myself in emotionally trying circumstances. I know that the true depth of my sisters impacts on me go unnoticed, but I can feel the strong foundation I have built for myself as a maturing human being that I have built with them as pillars of security. They will never know how the reciprocal is true. But, looking back, and looking forward, there can be no one that has had a greater influence on my life than my family, and more specifically,

Thursday, March 19, 2020

The Declaration of Sentiments and Resolutions Essay Example

The Declaration of Sentiments and Resolutions Essay Example The Declaration of Sentiments and Resolutions Paper The Declaration of Sentiments and Resolutions Paper all of her assets or now her husbands. However, as for today, women still can keep their riches and also lawfully own a part of their husbands. Now, if the marriage were to lead to divorce except on few occasions, everything Is split equally between women and men. In Stations piece she manipulates the actual declaration of independence from that time period and makes it into her own. She wrote what she thought that it should say and if you looked at our current declaration, it is practically identical. Stanton writes, Me hold these truths to be self evident: that all men and women are created equal; that they are endowed by their Creator with certain inalienable rights; that among these are life, liberty, and the pursuit of peppiness;.. (Stanton 358) At the time Stanton wrote this piece we were not completely equal. However, now we do have those rights equal to men, and our current declaration of independence has almost the exact line that Stanton writes in her piece, Even though most legal documents tend to be more logos than anything, Stanton approaches the matter in a more ethical way that shows the audience what is truly morally correct. She uses this technique of approaching the readers in this way several times in her work. Poor example; Stanton writes, He has Ethel from her rights which are given to the most, ignorant and degraded men- both natives and foreigners. (Stagnating) She uses this technique to appeal to the emotions of the readers so that they see what is truly wrong in how the women are getting treated. Unlike are current political documents, she uses ethical issues such as men that are not even a part of her country are getting more rights than she is. Also Stanton later Mites, He has denied her the facilities for obtaining a thorough education, all colleges being closed against her. Stanton 360) Stanton acknowledges the fact that they have freedom and should be treated equally, yet they are not getting the same chances and opportunities men had received. When approaching the audience is the ethical way that she does it effects the readers in a much stronger way. If Stanton had not shown the moral issues rather than just the logic issues oven might not have the same rights they have today. The reason for that is simply because without seeing the morally wrong parts of the subject, history will continue because the logic Of the issue shows that everything is working just fine. The present laws and principles do not reflect as many ethical issues now as Stations, simply because What used to be ethical when Stanton had wrote her piece, became logical over time since it is natural and it is what everyone has became accustomed to. Stanton clearly states in her writing several times how the women at her point in time do not have a voice in many ways and are unknown yet this is her country too and not just men, One clear example is when Stanton states, He has compelled her to submit to laws, in the formation of which she had no ice. (Stanton 359) Stanton uses countless examples about women not having a voice in what they say or do and that was supposed to be called their freedom. In todays present rights it has became closer to the equality between women and men. In the fact that women have the same rights as men and the freedoms men have are the same freedoms women now have, Stanton also writes, As a teacher of theology, medicine, or law, she is not known. (Stanton 360) Once again Stanton is just giving another example of women not getting to have a ice, when she believes that they should get have the same freedoms as men. In conclusion to the differences between the now and then is actually quite repetitive and reflective. The current rights women acquire, possibly would not be What they are today if it were not for the opinions and ideas Of Stanton manipulating the thoughts of the country. What Stanton said in her piece versus to the present rights women hue show many differences as far as putting them into action. However, the ideas that Stanton had hoped for are not far from the current principles for women we have and follow.

Tuesday, March 3, 2020

Zombie Spice and Drakulas Blood The Halloween Happening [Interview]

Zombie Spice and Drakulas Blood The Halloween Happening [Interview] Halloween is coming! This year we decided to break the rules of usual Halloween posts and make them in the more interesting format. We want to find out how different people from different universities, even countries, celebrate Halloween. And the best way to find it out is to ask them share their stories. Today the interviewee is Katy Gilroy, a 19-year-old student from University of Chester, UK. She studies Journalism and Creative Writing. Apart from studying, she also has her personal blog, writes and publishes poetry and is a massive fan of Shakespeare. We decided to start from the most general question to find out Katys attitude to Halloween: How do you feel about Halloween and everything related to it? I love Halloween! I think its one of those occasions that everyone can get involved the way they want to, and it brings people together in such a fun way. Even if its something as simple as having a bowl of sweets next to your front door, theres an aspect of Halloween for everyone. Right! Its good to hear that a person from UK loves Halloween, which is considered primarily US holiday. How is Halloween observed in Britain? I do think Halloween is a more American tradition; it is celebrated a lot more over there than it is here in Britain. For example, in US I know people have decorations up right the way through November, whereas in Britain we tend not to put our pumpkins out until a few day before Halloween itself. So you do celebrate Halloween. Could you tell more about your Halloween traditions? Which of them do you find interesting? I think one of the best traditions is trick or treating. When I was younger, my mum would take my brother and I out along with a few friends, all of us dressed in weird and wonderful costumes anything from a princess to a kitten to a pirate, but nothing too terrifying! I loved shouting TRICK OR TREAT at whoever answered the door and seeing them pretend to jump back in horror. Now that Im older I love answering the door and seeing how excited all the kids are. Thats lovely! Youve mentioned weird costumes you had on Halloween celebrations. Which costume was you favourite? Ive dressed up for Halloween almost every year as far as I can remember, and Ive had such a huge range of costumes. Two of my favourites have been dressing as a dead school girl, and as a zombie princess. Theyre simple ideas but with a bit of imagination you can make anything look really extravagant. Now, that you are not a school girl any more, what costume would you like to wear for Halloween party and why? Id love to find a group of friends and dress up as a zombified version of the Spice Girls! Id be Baby Spice because Im blonde. Zombie Spice Girl is an awesome costume idea! You should definitely try that. Now lets move from dressing up to the actual celebration. Can you think of some fun Halloween parties youve been to? When I was younger my aunty and uncle used to have a party to celebrate both Halloween and Bonfire Night we called it Bonoween. There was always fancy dress, fireworks and food so much food. Last year at my university house we had a big Halloween party with all of our friends. There was 18 of us living there, and we each invited a few people. Our house was full of students dressed in really amazing outfits (one of my friends came dressed as Elmo!), all having fun and mingling with people they wouldnt otherwise have met. Speaking about parties.You definitely have organizing skills, as youve organized charity music festival. So, imagine that you have to organize Halloween party for your friends and fellow students. What would you like it to be like? If I was to organise my own Halloween party, Id make it a massive occasion and call it The Halloween Happening. Ideally I would hire out a venue, and cover it in fake cobwebs, paint splatters on the wall to resemble blood, and pumpkins EVERYWHERE. I think I would want to make it a party that both children and adults could enjoy, so that nobody would have to find a baby sitter or miss out on the fun. There would definitely be loads of Halloween themed food: cupcakes decorated to look like eyeballs, green jelly to look like toxic goo, and red punch to look like Draculas blood! There would definitely be no fancy dress no entry rule, and a prize for the scariest costume. Great! I am sure that would be a party of the year. So, costumes - check, party - checkwhat else is associated with Halloween? As for me, several things I associate with Halloween are: pumpkins, trick or treating, fake blood, toffee apples and witches. Pretty spooky combination (especially those of blood and toffee apples). But Halloween is meant to be a spooky fest. Lets add some more horror with your favourite films or horror stories. I absolutely love horror films, and one of my favourites is The Possession, in which a little girl becomes possessed by a demon from inside a wooden box. I also really enjoyed The Hills Run Red, which not many people have heard of! Despite being a book worm, Ive not read any books within the horror genre unless you count Frankenstein, which is a wonderful classic story. And the last question Do you think Eat, drink and be scary is the main idea of Halloween? Or should it be anything else behind the celebration? I think eat, drink and be scary is a perfect way to sum up Halloween; I dont think there is or should be any deeper reason behind the celebrations. If people are having fun and not causing any harm to anyone else then what could be wrong? Thanks for sharing your amazing Halloween story with our readers, Katy! Hopefully, you will have the unforgettable Halloween celebration this year! We wish you to keep inspiring people around with your creative ideas and radiance. Have any questions for Katy? Or want to share your unique Halloween story? Feel free to leave your message in the comments below. Also, read the interview The Secret Life of a Real Halloweener with our next guest, Jonathan Wojcik.

Sunday, February 16, 2020

Children's Communicable Diseases Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Children's Communicable Diseases - Assignment Example Most parents dread vaccinating their children because they believe that the vaccines used are not safe for their children. They strongly believe that the vaccines used cause autism as well as other neurological disorders, thus exposing their children to health risk in the future. In order to reconcile parents rights to make health decisions for their children with the states responsibility to protect its citizens, the state and federal governments should enact a law that compels parents to vaccinate all their children. The state is charged with the responsibility of making sure that all its citizens are safe. As such, federal government should make childhood vaccination a mandatory process for all children (Bradley, Bradley & Burls, 2012). The safety of children and all other citizens overrides parent’s right to make health decisions for their children, particularly when it is in the wrong way. Besides, states and federal government should promote public awareness through massive and robust public education about vaccines and the importance of vaccination. This can help dispel misguided belief that vaccines skeptics propagate through media and other social platforms. Public health professionals also argue that childhood vaccination is a life-and-death issue that needs to be made

Sunday, February 2, 2020

Critically Evaluate How ICT Is Applied To the Tourism and Hospitality Essay

Critically Evaluate How ICT Is Applied To the Tourism and Hospitality Industries - Essay Example rating in the tourism and hospitality industries also face immense competition amid themselves owing to the increasing numbers of entrants and established brands offering similar products and services. Companies possess the need to develop effective strategies to deal with such scenarios. They need to perform effectively in every aspect of their business so that they can outdo the performance of their competitors and obtain greater advantages that can suffice their long-run sustainability needs. It is often argued in this regard that proper execution of the plans and decisions of the business is the ultimate approach that can substantiate effective performance demanded by a modern day organisation (Pride & et. al., 2010). In this regard, Information and Communication Technology (ICT) performs a key role in the proper execution of organisational operations, keeping in mind the needs of modern companies, which can be explicitly observed in the context of tourism and hospitality industries. ICT is often considered as one of the extensive constituents of Information Technology (IT). However, unlike IT, the concept of ICT stretches more on the aspect of communication. The concept of ICT in any form of industry including the tourism and hospitality industries commonly involves the execution of activities such as incorporation of telecommunications technology with computers and other essential software, which further allows the user companies to access, store as well as share information among their various operational departments. It would not be erroneous to depict in this regard that ICT has its influences in various sections of the business and it acts as a major driving force in deciding the performanc e of the business operations of companies functioning in any sector including tourism and hospitality sectors. The significance of ICT for companies operating in any sector can be affirmed from the fact that it is actively implemented in certain specific and vital

Saturday, January 25, 2020

Negative Priming Experiment

Negative Priming Experiment Negative Priming: The effect of inhibitory mechanisms on the probe of a pair of trials in a Stroop style ink identification task. Abstract The investigation was based on the work of Dalrymple-Alford and Budayr (1966), who investigated the phenomenon of negative priming in relation to the Stroop task. In the original experiment by Dalrymple-Alford and Budayr (1966), it was discovered that if in a trial, the ink colour was the same as the word on the previous trial; subjects were slower to respond. This effect has been termed negative priming. The aim of this experiment was to partly replicate the work of Dalrymple-Alford and Budayr (1966), and to further investigate the phenomena of negative priming. The experimenter hypothesised that in an ink colour identification task, when the target in the probe trial matched the distractor in the prime, then reaction times would be significantly slower in comparison to conditions where the prime and probe were unrelated. To test the hypothesis, the researcher created four conditions; congruent, neutral, ignored repetition and attended repetition. The condition of interest was ignor ed repetition. Participants reaction times were recorded for the primes and probes of each condition. The effect of condition was shown to be significant using a two way repeated measures ANOVA [F(3,57) = 13.09; p = 0.001]. The significance of the results means the hypothesis was accepted, and it was concluded that negative priming is prominent in conditions where the target in the prime becomes the distractor in the probe, supporting the work of Dalrymple-Alford and Budayr (1966). Introduction Attention is a vital and complex function of cognition. One of the earliest definitions of attention came from James (1890), who defined it as â€Å"the taking possession by the mind, in clear and vivid form, of one out of what seem several simultaneously possible objects or trains of thoughtIt implies withdrawal from some things in order to deal effectively with other.† This early definition from James (1890) highlighted the issue of the selective nature of attention. This feature of attention is essential for organisms to be able to be successful in a search for a target; to select and process only the information they need. It is therefore vital that during this search there are certain mechanisms that suppress distracting information and prevent the return of attention to previously attended objects or events. The mechanism responsible for this important feature is inhibition- the suppression of unwanted or distracting information to ensure movement of attention to novel l ocations. The role of inhibition has been theorised through a variety of concepts. One such concept is Inhibition of Return (IOR). IOR was proposed as an inhibitory mechanism, which reduces the prominence of the previously inspected item in a scene. IOR was first observed by Posner and Cohen (1984) in their simple cuing experiment and refers to the relative suppression of stimuli (object and events) that had recently been the focus of attention. This inhibition of return effect is thought to make visual search more efficient as it ensures that previously examined objects are not searched again, thus facilitating the search for the target (Wright Richard, 1996). Further evidence of inhibitory mechanisms in attention comes from the visual marking mechanism; proposed by Watson and Humphreys (1997) as a goal-directed process that enhances visual search through the inhibition of ‘old objects. When new objects are added to a visual scene, they take priority during search, because old objects are ‘marked for non search. Also, the discovery of the ‘attentional blink provides some clear evidence that in tasks using Rapid Serial Visual Presentation (RSVP), a method of displaying information very briefly in sequential order, perception of a target presented 200-500ms after the first target is impaired (Raymond, 1992). This attentional blink occurs because of interference caused by the presentation of stimuli after the target but before the target-identification process is complete, causing the temporary suppression of inhibitory mechanisms. In other words, inhibition of distracting stimuli does not occur, causing a failure in identif ication. Mechanisms such as IOR and visual marking are evidence for inhibitory mechanisms in selective attention, and the attentional blink demonstrates just how important these mechanisms are. This process of inhibition however, is not without consequences. It has been discovered that after a stimulus has been ‘ignored, processing of that ignored stimulus shortly afterwards is impaired. This effect has been termed negative priming (Tipper, 1985). In recent years, numerous studies have looked at negative priming as evidence of an inhibitory component within selective attention. An important study which was vital in the discovery of negative priming is the Stroop task (Stroop, 1935). The standard Stroop colour-word test involved participants being required to name the ink colour of a printed word. When the word was incongruent with the colour ink- such as the word ‘red written in green ink- then interference occurred, resulting in slower response times and more errors in comparison to control conditions. In congruent conditions, where the colour written matched the colour of ink it was written in, reaction times were faster. The interference observed in this study can be attributed to automaticity as reading is an automatic process. According to Shiffrin and Schneiders (1977) model of automaticity, automatic processing makes no demands on attentional resources, has no capacity limitations, and is unavoidable. Automatic processing thus provides a liable explanation of why the Stroop effect occurs, as when seeing a word we unavoidably read it, causing a delay in the process of naming the ink colour of the word. Whilst investigating the effect of stimulus sequencing on Stroop interference, Dalrymple-Alford and Budayr (1966), came across what is now known as negative priming. What they found was that there was a greater delay and an increased error rate when an item appeared in the colour ink which was required to be ignored in the previous stimulus. Similar findings come from Tipper (1985), who presented participants with overlapping line drawings, in either red or green. The participants were required to identify only the red items in each set of stimuli. When the ignored drawing (green) became the required response (red) in the next set of trials, response times slowed. This suggests it is harder to identify and selectively attend to what was previously rejected. A key question in regards to selective attention and negative priming is at which point of sensory processing can incoming signals first be selected or rejected by attention- does this happen early in the process or late? Early selection models, such as Broadbents (1958) filter theory, argue that as sensory processes are limited, they require attention to initially select the stimuli that are required for further processing and discarded irrelevant stimuli. Therefore, attentional selection should occur early; implying a ‘bottleneck in the brain protecting processing systems from being overloaded by irrelevant information. The late selection models (Deutsch Deutsch 1936) however, claim that all stimuli, both attended and unattended, can be processed automatically in parallel- thus without a need for early selection. Therefore, selection should occur late, after the semantic analysis of the stimuli. Negative priming has generally been interpreted as evidence for late selection as the phenomenon shows that distracting/ irrelevant stimuli are in fact processed at the same time as the attended stimuli, hence the interference that occurs. Negative Priming is clearly a well studied phenomenon, and there have been numerous variations on the original experiment by Dalrymple Alford and Budayr (1966). The explanations behind the effect have generally focused on the effect being caused by increased interference due to the suppression of the word during naming of the ink colour- resulting in temporary unavailability of that response (MacLeod MacDonald, 2000). The majority of evidence supports the idea that if a probe in a pair of stimuli has the same target as the prime, then reaction times will be slowed for that probe; suggesting that internal representations of the ignored object may become associated with inhibition during selection. Therefore this experiment hypothesises that, in concordance with the previous evidence, in an ink colour identification task, the probe in the ignored repetition condition will take significantly longer to identify than the prime, in comparison to other conditions. Method Design The design was repeated measures with 2 within factors; condition with 4 levels (Congruent, Neutral, Ignored Repetition and Attended Repetition) and pairing with 2 levels (prime and probe). The experiment was a part replication of the work of Dalrymple-Alford and Budayr (1966), as an investigation into negative priming. The experiment consisted of 4 conditions. Condition 1 was ‘Congruent, where the target and distractor matched in both prime and probe, for example blue in blue ink followed by red in red ink. Condition 2 was ‘Neutral, where the normal Stroop style format was used and the prime and probe bore no intentional resemblance to each other; for example blue in red ink followed by yellow in green ink. Condition 3 was ‘Ignored repetition. This condition was where negative priming was presumed to take place, as the distractor in the prime became the target in the probe, for example, blue in yellow ink followed by red in blue ink. The final condition, condition 4, was ‘Attended repetition, where the target was repeated in the probe, for example blue in red ink followed by green in red ink. For each condition, there were 30 pairs of trials (120 pairs in total, 240 individual trials). Within each pair was a prime (1) and a probe (2) The trials were split into two identical blocks. To control for order effects, the conditions were randomised such that no condition/ pair was presented in succession. This resulted in 15 pairs of each condition per block. A total of 240 responses (reaction times, in milliseconds) were collected for each participant. Participants The sample selected was a group of 20 undergraduate students at the University of Lincoln, with a mean age of 21.35 years, and a standard deviation of 6.51. This target population was relevant because it was the most easily accessible group of people of similar age and status. Participants were selected by opportunity sampling. This method was used because it is a quick, practical and efficient way of generating data through using participants available and willing at the time of the experiment. Materials In order to carry out the experiment certain materials were necessary. The researcher used a Dell Optiplex 745 computer with a monitor size 15inches, 150HP. Also used was a button box (Credus Corporations) and voice recorder (TTC Quality Electronics). The 6 colours used were randomly selected from a bag of various coloured cards. The chosen colours were then created from a standard Microsoft windows palette. These were; Blue (red: 0, green: 0, blue: 225), Green (red: 0, green: 225, blue: 0), Red (red: 225, green: 0, blue: 0), Yellow (red: 255, green: 255, blue: 0), Pink (red: 225, green: 0, blue: 225), Black (red: 0, green: 0, blue: 0). All colour words were presented in Aerial font, size 58, bold. In addition to the colour words presented, there was also a welcome message (Arial font, size 48, bold, in Black ink), and a fixation cross (Arial font, size 58, bold, in Black ink). Further necessary materials included a checklist for Type I and Type II errors. Procedure The participants were approached and asked if they would like to take part in the experiment. If they agreed they were taken to a quiet area chosen for the experiment to take part in. Then the researcher explained to the participant what they would need to do, and gave them a set of standardised instructions (appendix 1). The participants were then asked to read and sign the consent form (appendix 2) if they agreed to take part. Following this, the participants were seated in front of the computer screen and shown how to hold the microphone. They were then told there would be an initial practice run of the experiment, and asked to begin when they were ready. Following the practice run, the participant was once again asked if they were happy to continue with the experiment. If they agreed, they were instructed to begin when they were ready. During the experiment, two researchers were present at all times. The researchers each had a list of the order of trials and correct responses, as they were pseudo-randomised. One researcher marked type I errors on one sheet, and the other marked type II errors on another. Block one consisted of a series of 60 trials followed by a 30second break before the remaining 60 trials in that block. The experiment began with a welcome message which instructed the participant to press the left key on the button box when they were ready to start. After they had pressed this, a fixation cross was presented on the screen for 1500ms, followed by a blank which lasted 1000ms. Each trial was presented for 1500ms, trials were presented in pairs according to condition. Between each pair was a blank of 1000ms. After the first block of trials, the experiment closed, and one researcher started block two, which was identical to block one. Once again any and all errors were recorded. After the completion of this second final block, the experiment automatically closed. The participant was then thanked for their cooperation and given a debrief form to read (appendix 3) they were also encouraged to ask any questions, and assured that their results would remain private and anonymous. Ethical Considerations A number of ethical issues were identified in the experiment in line with British Psychology Society (BPS) guidelines. A consent form was given to participants which explained what the experiment was researching into, what they had to do during the testing and it also requested the participants age and gender. The form explained that any participant with aversion to flashing lights or rapidly presented stimuli should not continue on with the experiment, and asked participants to report if they had any back problems. Participants also had the right to withdraw themselves and their results from the experiment at any time, and this was stated in both the consent form (appendix 2) and debrief (appendix 3). After the participants had taken part in the experiment, the experimenter explained what they were investigating and the implications to the research, and answered any questions asked. It was the experimenters responsibility to make sure that participants left in the same psychological state that they started the experiment with. Participants were informed that their identity would be kept anonymous and that their results would be treated in confidence and destroyed after the experiment. To ensure protection of participants, no physical or mental harm came to them while taking part in the experiment as the consent form included a brief health check to eliminate those individuals who may be at slight risk from participating in the experiment. The room was an empty, calm setting, in order to minimise any stress to the participant, and to avoid any eye strain, a break was given, splitting the trials into two blocks. No deception took place in this experiment. An ethical approval form was completed by researchers prior to the experiment (appendix 4). Results The results were recorded and analysed for each condition in the experiment- 1 (Congruent), 2 (Neutral), 3 (Ignored Repetition) and 4 (Attended Repetition). Any errors, either cognitive (type I), or human/computer (type II), were excluded from the data. Both prime and probe trails were removed regardless of where the error occurred. Error analysis will be discussed later. A table to show a comparison of the mean and standard deviation of the difference between reaction times of prime and probe per condition Condition Mean Standard Deviation 1 (Congruent) 21.250 98.63002 2 (Neutral) 12.950 111.55149 3 (Ignored Rep) -69.350 66.52287 4 (Attended Rep) 35.450 94.73424 A table to show a comparison of mean standard deviation for reaction times of prime and probe per condition Condition Mean Standard Deviation 1 (Congruent ) Prime 1 (Congruent ) Probe 744.3 723.0 156.4 122.3 2 (Neutral) Prime 2 (Neutral) Probe 822.9 809.9 170.7 129.0 3 (Ignored Rep) Prime 3 (Ignored Rep) Probe 782.7 852.0 138.6 132.7 4 (Attended Rep) Prime 4 (Attended Rep) Probe 775.9 740.5 142.1 140.4 See appendix 5 for full SPSS data. The mean difference between prime and probe for condition 3 (Ignored Repetition) was -69.35, which was significantly greater than for any of the other conditions (21.25 for Congruent; 12.95 for Neutral, and 35.45 for Attended Repetition). It also shows that the condition with the smallest difference in reaction time between prime and probe was condition 2 (Neutral). 2 shows that for condition 3 (Ignored repetition) the mean reaction time for the prime (782.7) was smaller than the mean reaction time for the probe (852.0). This stands out when compared to all of the other conditions, where the mean reaction time for the prime was greater than for the probe. This suggests that for conditions 1 (Congruent), 2 (Neutral) and 4 (Attended Rep), the probe generated a quicker response than the prime, yet for condition 3 this effect was reversed and the probe generated a slower response. To further analyse the data, a Two-way Repeated Measures ANOVA was carried out to analyse the reaction times and look at any effect between conditions. The results of the ANOVA shows that the main effect of Condition was significant [F(3,57) = 13.09; p = 0.001]. The following bar chart ( 3) presents a visual representation of this significance and shows the variation between conditions: The second ANOVA was concerned with the difference in reaction times between prime and probe. The ANOVA showed that the main effect of Pair is not significant [F(1,19) = 0.001; p = 0.996], suggesting that the pairing did not significantly affect reaction times. Although the effect was not found to be significant, the plot below ( 4) clearly shows that condition 3 (Ignored Repetition) was the only condition where response time was slower in the probe than in the prime: Thirdly, the interaction effect between Condition and Pair was analysed. This was found to be significant [F(3,57) = 6.6; p = 0.001]. As the interaction effect between ‘Pair and ‘Condition was significant, a post-hoc Bonferroni was carried out to find where the significances lay. The Bonferroni showed significant differences between the following conditions; (1) Congruent and (2) Neutral (p= 0.001) (1) Congruent and (3) Ignored Repetition (p= 0.002) (2) Neutral and (4) Attended Repetition (p= 0.001) (3) Ignored Repetition and (4) Attended Repetition (p= 0.014) Error analysis Errors were recorded per type I and II for each condition. The table below ( 5) shows the number of errors of each type that occurred in each condition. A table of sums of errors per condition and error type Condition Error Type I Error Type II 1 (Congruent) 11 26 2 (Neutral) 21 33 3 (Ignored Rep) 35 35 4 (Attended Rep) 26 24 A table to show the mean rank of errors per condition Condition Mean Rank 1 (Congruent) 2.15 2 (Neutral) 2.70 3 (Ignored Rep) 2.93 4 (Attended Rep) 2.23 The condition with the lowest number of errors was condition 1 (Congruent), with a mean of 2.15. The condition with the highest number of errors condition 3 (Ignored Repetition), with a mean of 2.93. A Friedmans test was used to analyse the errors and look for any significances in their distribution. Application of Friedmans test showed that there were no significances in the distribution of errors over the four conditions; X2=5.71; df = 3; p = 0.127. Discussion The results obtained show that the mean difference between prime and probe for condition 3 (Ignored repetition) was -69.35, which was notably greater than for any of the other conditions (21.25, 12.95 and 35.45). This suggests that something different is happening in this condition, as the difference is not only a lot greater but also in the opposite direction. The plot ( 4) shows a visual representation of this effect. From this it is possible to infer that in the Ignored repetition condition, negative priming did occur as the probe took longer to respond to than the prime in comparison with all other conditions. After carrying out a two way repeated measures ANOVA, it becomes clear that this is in fact the case. The results of the ANOVA showed that the main effect of Condition was significant [F(3,57) = 13.09; p = 0.001], and that the interaction effect between Condition and Pair was also significant [F(3,57) = 6.6; p = 0.001]. The ANOVA concerning the difference in reaction times between prime and probe showed that the main effect of Pair was not significant [F(1,19) = 0.001; p = 0.996]. Analysis of errors found them not to be significant; however the mean ranks showed that there were more errors in the ignored repetition condition (Mean rank 2.93). This is consistent with previous research; that in the ignored repetition condition, more interference occurs causing slower response times and more mistakes to be made. These findings mean that the hypothesis can be accepted: in an ink colour identification task, when the target in the probe trial matches the distractor in the prime, then reaction times will be significantly slower in comparison to conditions where the prime and probe are unrelated. Thus the experiment supports and confirms the previous research such as that of Dalrymple-Alford and Budayr (1966). The negative priming effect observed in this experiment can be explained as an inhibitory mechanism of attention. The differences in reaction times between conditions infer that for condition 3 (Ignored Repetition), at the point of the probe something different happened in than in the other conditions. In line with previous research, we can assume that due to the suppression of the word in the prime trial, when that colour word then becomes the ink colour in the probe trial, then there is a problem with retrieving that response as it had just been suppressed. One limitation of this experiment was the methodology. The design involved a set of two blocks in a Super Lab program, each containing 15 pairs of each condition, in a randomised order. Between each pair of trials was a blank screen presented for 1000msc. This quick succession of pairs means it may not have been obvious for the participants that the stimuli were in fact presented in pairs. This therefore may be able to explain why the probe condition 1 (Congruent) was fastest; when it was expected that condition 4 (Attended Repetition) would be. To overcome this limitation, future experiments could use separate blocks for each condition- thus making it more obvious that the trials were in certain pairs. In addition to the above adjustment, it would also be interesting to consider individual differences in a future extension of this experiment. There has been numerous past studies that suggest for certain individuals, the effect of negative priming is actually less robust. An example of this is Schizophrenics, who seem less able at inhibition- hence are less susceptible to negative priming (Beech et al 1989). A future investigation could build on the evidence of individual differences playing an important role in the effect of negative priming, and possibly look into more general differences such as cultural background or occupation. For example, it would be interesting to look for any differences in the effect of negative priming between people in creative careers- such as artists, compared with those in writing careers such as journalists. Would someone who is used to looking at words be more prone to negative priming than someone who would be more interested in the colour and form of the word? To summarise, this experiment has shown clear negative priming, consistent with the majority of existing studies, thus supporting the notion of inhibitory processes in attention. References Beech, A., Powell, T., McWilliam, J., Claridge, G. (1989). Evidence of reduced cognitive inhibition in schizophrenia. British Journal of Clinical Psychology, 28, 109-116. Broadbent, D. E. (1958). Perception and communication. New York: Pergamon. Deutsch, J. A., Deutsch, D. (1963). Attention: some theoretical considerations. Psychological Review, 70, 80-90. Dalrymple-Alford, E.C., Budayr, B. (1966). Examination of some aspects of the Stroop color-word test. Perceptual and Motor Skills, 23, 1211-1214. James, W. (1890). The Principles of Psychology. New York: Henry Holt. MacLeod, C. M., Masson, M. E. J. (2000). Repetition priming in speeded word reading: Contributions of perceptual and conceptual processing episodes. Journal of Memory and Language, 42, 208-228. Pashler, H. (1998). The psychology of attention. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press. Posner,M.I., Cohen, Y. (1984) . Components of visual orienting. In H. Bouma D.G. Bouwhuis (Eds.), Attention and performance X: Control of language processes. Hove: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates Ltd. Raymond J.E., Shapiro K.L., Arnell K.M. (1992). Temporary suppression of visual processing in an RSVP task: an attentional blink?. Journal of experimental psychology. Human perception and performance, 18, 849-60. Shiffrin, R.M., Schneider, W. (1977). Controlled and automatic information processing: II. Perceptual learning, automatic attending, and a general theory. Psychological Review, 84, 127-190. Stroop, J.R. (1935). Studies of interference in serial verbal reactions. Journal of Experimental Psychology, 18, 643-662. Tipper, S.P. (1985). The negative priming effect: Inhibitory priming with to be ignored objects. The Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology, 37A, 571-590. Tipper, SP (2001) Does negative priming reflect inhibitory mechanisms? A review and integration of conflicting views. Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology 54A: 321-343. Watson, D. G., Humphreys, G. W. (1997). Visual marking: Prioritizing selection for new objects by top-down attention inhibition of old objects. Psychological Review, 104, 90-122. Wright, R.D Richard, C.M. (1996) Inhibition-of-return at multiple locations in visual space. Canadian Journal of Experimental Psychology, 50, 324-327.

Friday, January 17, 2020

Nur Jahan

Begum Nur Jahan (Persian, Urdu: ) (alternative spelling Noor Jahan, Nur Jehan, Nor Jahan, etc. ) (31 May 1577–17 December 1645), also known as Mehr-un-Nisaa, was Empress of the Mughal Empire that covered much of the Indian subcontinent. She was an aunt of Empress Mumtaz Mahal, Emperor Shah Jahan's wife for whom the Taj Mahal was made. Begum Nur Jahan was the twentieth and favourite wife of Mughal Emperor Jahangir, who was her second husband. The story of the couple's infatuation for each other and the relationship that abided between them is the stuff of many (often apocryphal) legends.She remains historically significant for the sheer amount of imperial authority she wielded – the true â€Å"power behind the throne,† as Jehangir was battling serious addictions to alcohol and opium throughout her reign – and is known as one of the most powerful women who ruled India with an iron fist. Contents [hide] 1 Birth 2 Marriage with Sher Afghan 3 Marriage with Ja hangir 4 Mughal empress 5 Death 6 Nur Jahan in pop culture 7 See also 8 References 9 Further reading 10 External links [edit]BirthKandahar (Candahar), Nur Jahan's place of birth, is now southern Afghanistan Nur Jahan was born on May 31 1577 in Kandahar (now in Afghanistan) to traveling Persian, Mirza Ghiyas Beg from Tehran (now in Iran). Her Persian-born grandfather, who was in the service of Shah Tahmasp I, died in Yazd, laden with honours. His heirs, however, soon fell upon hard times. His son Mirza Ghias Beg (known as Itmad-ud-Daulah, â€Å"Pillar of the State†, a title conferred on him by Akbar) travelled to South Asia with his family where he rose to become an administrative official in the Mughal court.For their journey, Ghias Beg and his wife, Asmat Begum, joined a caravan travelling southward under the leadership of a merchant noble named Malik Masud. While still in Persian territory, less than half the way to their destination, Ghias Beg's party was attacked by robbe rs and the family lost almost everything it owned. Left with only two mules, Ghias Beg, his expectant wife, their children, Muhammad Sharif, Abdul Hasan Asaf Khan, and one daughter, took turns riding on the backs of the animals.When the group reached Kandahar, Asmat Begum gave birth to her fourth child and second daughter, Mehr-un-Nisaa. [edit]Marriage with Sher Afghan Mehr-Un-Nisaa was married to Sher Afghan Quli Khan when she was seventeen in 1594, the marriage arranged by Akbar. Sher Afghan was the governor of Burdwan, in Bengal. In 1605, Mehr-Un-Nisaa gave birth to a daughter, also called Mehr-Un-Nisaa (later at court she was named Ladli), Mehr-Un-Nisaa was the one and only child she ever had. In 1607, Sher Afghan Quli Khan was killed during a misunderstanding.During this time Sher Afgan Quli Khan had held the title of Sher Afgan, granted to him by Jahangir as Quli saved his life from an angry tigress. Also, during this time, Jahangir may have been asking Sher Afgan Quli Khan to give Mehr-Un-Nisaa to him, for his harem, although the truth of this is uncertain, as Jahangir married her in 1611, after she had been at court (see below) for four years. [edit]Marriage with Jahangir The Mughal Emperor Jahangir and Prince Khurram with Nur Jahan.The emperor Akbar died in 1605 and was succeeded by prince Salim, who took the regal name Jahangir. After her husband Sher Afghan (who was appointed as jagirdar of Bardhaman, a city in Bengal) was killed in 1607, Mehr-un-Nisaa became a lady-in-waiting to one of the Jahangir's stepmothers, Ruqayya Sultana Begum. Ruqayya was the most senior woman in the harem and had been Akbar's first and principal wife and was also the daughter of Mirza Hindal. The father of Mehr-un-Nisaa was, at that time, a diwan to an amir-ul-umra, decidedly not a very high post.The year 1607 had not been particularly good for Mehr-un-Nisaa. Her family had fallen into disgrace. Her father, who had been holding important posts under Akbar and Jahangir, ha d succumbed to his only weakness, money, and had been charged with embezzlement. Moreover, due to possible involvement in the pro-Khusrau assassination attempt on Jahangir in 1607, two of Mehr-un-Nisaa's family members (one brother named Muhammad Sharif and her mother's cousin) were executed on the orders of the Emperor. In March 1611, her fortune took a turn for the better.She met the emperor Jahangir at the palace meena bazaar during the spring festival Nowruz new year. Jahangir grew so infatuated by her beauty that he proposed immediately and they were married on May 25 of the same year becoming his twentieth wife. [edit]Mughal empress Silver coins minted with Nur Jahan's name on it. For Mehr-un-Nisaa's own immediate family, marriage to Jahangir became a great boon with several members receiving sizeable endowments and promotions as a result. This affection led to Nur Jahan wielding a great deal of actual power in affairs of state.The Mughal state gave absolute power to the emper or, and those who exercised influence over the emperor gained immense influence and prestige. Jahangir's addiction to opium and alcohol made it easier for Nur Jahan to exert her influence. For many years, she effectively wielded imperial power and was recognized as the real force behind the Mughal throne. She even gave audiences at her palace and the ministers consulted with her on most matters. Indeed, Jahangir even permitted coinage to be struck in her name, something that traditionally defined sovereignty.Through Nur Jahan's influence, her family, including her brother Asaf Khan, consolidated their position at court. Asaf Khan was appointed grand Wazir (minister) to Jahangir, and his daughter Arjumand Banu Begum (later known as Mumtaz Mahal) was wed to Prince Khurram (the future Shah Jahan), the third son of Jahangir, born by the Rajput princess, Jagat Gosaini. Jahangir's eldest son Khusrau had rebelled against the Emperor and was blinded as a result. The second son, Parviz, was weak and addicted to alcohol. The fourth son was Prince Shahryar, born by a royal concubine.Khurram rebelled against his father and a war of succession broke out. Due to Khurram's intransigence, Nur Jahan shifted her support to his younger brother, Shahryar. She arranged the marriage of her own daughter Ladli Begum, born of her first marriage, to her stepson Shahryar. [1] The two weddings ensured that one way or another, the influence of Nur Jahan's family would extend over the Mughal Empire for at least another generation. Jahangir was captured by rebels in 1626 while he was on his way to Kashmir. Nur Jahan intervened to get her husband released.Jahangir was rescued but died on October 28, 1627. After Jahangir's death, Nur Jahan devoted some of her life to the making of perfume, particularly using falanja, an art form her mother had passed down. [edit]Death Nur Jahan's Mausoleum in Shahdara Bagh, Lahore, Pakistan When Jahangir died in 1627, Nur Jahan's brother Asaf Khan took the si de of his son-in-law Khurrum against his sister. It was Khurram who became the new Mughal emperor under the regal name Shah Jahan. Nur Jahan was confined to a comfortable mansion for the rest of her life.During this period, paid for and oversaw the construction of her father's mausoleum in Agra, known now as Itmad-Ud-Daulah's Tomb, and occasionally composed Persian poems under the assumed name of Makhfi. [1] Nur Jahan died in 17 December 1645 at age 68, and is buried at Shahdara Bagh in Lahore, Pakistan in a tomb she had built herself, near the tomb of Jahangir. Her brother Asaf Khan's tomb is also located nearby. The tomb attracts many visitors, both Pakistani and foreign, who come to enjoy pleasant walks in its gardens.

Thursday, January 9, 2020

The Future of South Africa - 1708 Words

The future of South Africa Predicting the future development of South Africa has become increasingly difficult due to radical changes that have occurred in the last few decades. These changes have left South Africa in a state of social and economical unrest. The largest of these changes was the abolishment of Apartheid. This allowed for black vote, and thus in 1994 a black government. This lead to black empowerment, which was subjugated for hundreds of years. This however created a new series of health, educational and economical challenges the country would need to face. Cape Town’s mayor Helen Zille states that South Africa has five major challenges to overcome in its future. These are: - Unemployment - Health Issues (primarily†¦show more content†¦2007) and its poverty rate from 50% (est. 2000). There has already been significant economic growth since 2004, placing the South African stock exchange at 17th in the world. Throughout South Africa’s history crime has been rampant, this was originally due to racial conflict between the major racial group (black South Africans: 79.5%) and the governing institutions during apartheid. Due to the overwhelming amount of persons below the poverty line (50%) this conflict between the elite and the unemployed has continued into post-apartheid South Africa. In future, unless issues such as poverty are faced by multiple institutions (including the government and companies looking to invest/develop in South Africa) it is probable that class conflict will continue. The economic â€Å"boom†, which could be obtained through the world cups success, could greatly increase the average wealth of the black community, and thus reducing the need for crime. â€Å"The issue of crime is related to unemployment† (BBC correspondent John, Sydney, Australia). With the influx of foreign investment, South Africa will gain a major amount of job opportunities to co mbat the unemployment rate. As the unemployment and poverty rate decrease, so will crime. This will allow globalisation to flourish as many more investors consider South Africa for their industrial needs. Globalisation refers to the emergence of a global culture brought about by a variety of socialShow MoreRelatedEssay on The Future of South Africa672 Words   |  3 PagesThe Future of South Africa Some things in South Africa are becoming better as we move into the future, while others are becoming worse. The government in South Africa is better. All the provisions of the new constitution were in place as of the year 1999. In June of 1999, President Nelson Mandela’s term ended, and Thabo Mbeki was elected as president. There was a peaceful change in government, and Mbeki is doing many things to help the country. 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Wednesday, January 1, 2020

Is Psychology A Science - 1518 Words

Whether psychology is a science or not has been a long running debate between psychologists and other scientists alike. There have been various attempts at making psychology a scientific discipline in the past such as the movement from behaviourism into cognitivism. Researchers such as Wundt and Watson have worked hard to bring psychology into the world of scientific research and through the years have made a very good start but have they managed to achieve scientific criteria? Berezow (2012) defined what separates science from non-science in five criteria. He stated that a science must have; clearly defined terminology, quantifiability, highly controlled experiments, reproducibility, and predictability and testability (What separates science from non-science, 2012) His claim that a discipline must meet each of these criteria to be defined as a science puts limits on psychology. There isn’t enough known about psychology, when compared with subjects such as physics and chemistry, to have clearly defined terminology for everything studied. Humans are a lot more difficult to study than particles and chemical compounds, meaning that test results will be a lot more varied, are a lot harder to control and are more difficult to reproduce but this variability can be overcome with the use of statistics. In terms of how quantifiable psychology is, it is incredibly difficult to quantify something with no physical measurements. Scales and definitions are invente d every day inShow MoreRelatedThe Science Of Psychology And Psychology2314 Words   |  10 PagesChapter 1: The Science of Psychology Downs, Martin. â€Å"Psychology vs. Psychiatry: Which is better?† WebMd.com. WebMD, Inc., 2005. Web. 30 Nov. 2014. The article is about the importance of psychology, the article is written by the Downs Martin in the year of 2005. 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